ABS树脂废水有机物反硝化潜势及降解特性

为优化ABS树脂废水的生物脱氮工艺,测定了废水的反硝化潜势,分析了废水反硝化阶段有机物的降解特性. 结果表明,ABS树脂废水的反硝化碳源充足,并且含有易降解有机物和慢速降解有机物等具有不同反硝化速率的有机物. 在废水ρ(SCOD)(SCOD为溶解性化学需氧量)为755.4~1 043.3 mg/L,ρ(TN)为86.1~111.1 mg/L的情况下,总反硝化潜势为95.4~144.6 mg/L (以NO₃--N计),其中易降解有机物的反硝化速率为3.4~4.6 mg/(g·h) (以NO₃--N计),反硝化潜势为33.2~49.7 mg/L;2类慢速降解有机物的反硝化速率分别为2.2~3.2和0.4~0.9 mg/(g·h),反硝化潜势之和为62.2~94.9 mg/L. 反硝化过程中,废水SCOD的去除率为48.9%~62.8%,ON(有机氮)去除率为81.5%~95.7%. 腈类物质得到明显降解,并生成大量NH₄+-N,是反硝化碳源的重要组成部分. 三维荧光光谱表明,废水中的芳香族有机物苯环结构在反硝化条件下未得到有效降解,但在好氧条件下得到快速降解.      

满足新标准采用电除尘新技术改造的应用与分析

提出了现有电除尘器可采用余热利用节能、高频电源、双区结构、隔离振打等新技术进行提效节能改造的思路,分析了这些新技术的技术特性,并进行了实际案例剖析,对满足《火电厂大气污染物排放标准》（GB13223-2011）烟尘排放的要求,形成现有电除尘器的新型改造模式具有重要参考价值。     

CHANNELIZATION EFFECTS ON OBION RIVER FLOODING,WESTERN TENNESSEE1

ABSTRACT: Much of the Obion River in western Tennessee was channelized into the 1960s. Stage data from three stream-flow gaging stations on the Obion were used to determine how channelization affected flood frequency and annual maximum stage. Channelization affected the upper and lower Obion River differently. Flooding has become infrequent on the upper Obion River since channelization, even during the winter and spring which is the wettest time of year. In contrast, except for the winter months, there has been little effect on flood frequency on the lower Obion River where stage is highly dependent on the Mississippi River. The Mississippi River often backs up and floods the Obion River more than 50 km above its mouth and may contribute to flooding at an even greater distance upstream by reducing the water-surface gradient and slowing discharge. Channelization on the upper section of the river and many of the small tributaries has increased flow efficiency, but has also caused channel erosion and downstream deposition, reducing the cross-sectional channel area and possibly contributing to downstream flooding. Maximum annual stages at the upper and lower Obion River changed little. Therefore, the maximum surface area, submerged at least once each year, has been unaffected by channelization.     

RESPONSE FUNCTIONS OF CROPS YIELD TO SOIL MOISTURE STRESS1

: A methodology for determining an optimal irrigation policy to obtain maximum economic yield of crops is presented. The method is based on an empirical response function, relating crop yield to soil moisture stress in different stages of plant growth. The function was developed from data obtained in field experiments on several crops and may be useful in determining when and how much to irrigate. Additionally, a mathematical expression is derived from that function which estimates the economic loss if irrigation is not applied in the opportune moment.     

HYDROLOGIC STAGE PERIODICITY OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER BEFORE AND AFTER SYSTEMATIC CHANNEL MODIFICATIONS1

ABSTRACT: Periodic flood disturbance is a well known controlling factor of in channel and floodplain ecosystem function. However, channel manipulations during the last century have potentially altered hydrologic fluctuations, and thus ecosystem function. We examined temporal river stage hydrology, through autocorrelation analysis, at seven gauges along the Mississippi River to quantify flow periodicity and effects of systematic channel modifications on flow periodicity. Intraannual variation follows a strong one‐year cycle of six months higher flow and six months lower flow for the entire Mississippi River drainage, with precipitation as a driving force. Interannual hydrologic variation differs between the upper and lower river segments. A clear quasi‐biennial oscillation pattern was evident throughout the lower river section. The effect of channel alterations was a decreased magnitude of differences between lower and higher flows. The upper section, however, suggests a 12‐to 14‐year periodicity prior to alterations and a decreased duration of lower flow years following systematic modifications. Interannual variograms clearly depict very different temporal hydrology between the upper Mississippi River and the lower Mississippi River, suggesting the simple transfer of knowledge from one segment to the other oversimplifies the complexity of a large river system.     

关于道路交通安全现代化进程的研究

道路交通安全是世界各国极为关注的问题之一。笔者从交通安全角度将道路交通现代化进程分为第一次现代化和第二次现代化两个阶段。根据人—车—路三者关系协调程度的变化 ,又可将第一次交通现代化阶段分为起步期、发展前期、发展后期、成熟期和过渡期等 5个时期。各个时期的交替可根据交通事故死亡人数的变化趋势来划分。笔者通过对日本 4 0多年来和我国 10多年来交通现代化的发展历程进行了对比分析 ,认为我国道路交通现在处于第一次交通现代化阶段的发展前期 ,今后交通事故死亡人数有可能进一步大幅度上升。为此 ,应该加大对传统交通手段的改造和交通现代化的投入 ,以防出现道路交通事故极其严重的局面。     

论中国“国际减灾十年”形势发展和进程

根据《国际减轻自然灾害十年》的宗旨和目的要求,以及我国国情和灾情的实际,中国“国际减灾十年”活动大体上应包括4个阶段: (1)减灾知识宣传普及,提高全社会减灾意识为主的阶段(1989～1991). (2)政府领导下制定减灾预案为主的阶段(1991～1992). (3)工程性与非工程性减灾措施全面实施的阶段(1992～1995). (4)灾害管理法制建设阶段(1996～)。     

A STAGE DISTRIBUTION APPROACH TO ESTIMATING ICE RELATED FLOODING PROBABILITIES1

ABSTRACT: A procedure is presented for estimating flooding probabilities resulting from either open water or ice condition events. The methodology involves individually fitting a distribution function to water stages from open water and ice events and determining the composite probability of exceedence of any stage value. The parameters of the two distribution functions are estimated using censored maximum likelihood. The approach is evaluated with a Monte Carlo sampling program and is applied to estimate flooding probabilities on the Yukon River.     

环境风险评价简介

概述了环境风险评价有关基本概念、内容程序及环境风险评价中存在的不足,并在此基础上提出了一些建议。     

两级曝气生物滤池用于生活污水的处理与研究

采用两级曝气生物滤池（BAF）工艺,对生活污水进行处理。试验研究了两级曝气生物滤池（BAF）工艺系统生物膜的培养过程和对CODC4,BOD5、SS、NH3-N等去除效果。试验结果表明生活污水经两级曝气生物滤池（BAF）工艺系统处理后,出水BOD,与CODC4分别低于10mg/L和40mg／L,SS小于10mg／L,浊度小于8NTU,色度小于15度,总磷小于3mg／L,NH3-N小于2mg／L,NO3-N小于5mg／L,细菌小于3个／mL,大肠杆菌未检出;CODCr,BOD5的去除率分别超过90％、95％,SS和NH3-N去除率接近100％,出水稳定,水质较好,符合国家污水综合排放的水质标准,有利于污水的再生利用。